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The African Hoopoe used to be considered a separate species to the 'Eurasian' Hoopoe, but now most authorities (apart from Clements) make it a sub-species; there are intermediate plumages between the two forms.
In general, the African Hoopoe has more white in the secondaries (especially the male), but the primaries are entirely black, whereas the nominate epops subspecies (which migrates to East Africa during the northern winter) has a clear white band across the primaries, and a white subterminal band on its crest feathers, which are absent in africana.
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